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![]() 看看我终于瘦了
许熊熊的自白November 10 Meeting with GodIf there is a god in investment, it's Warren Buffett.
40+ years, never a down year, almost always beat the S&P. Became the 3rd richest person by Investing.
About knowing a company He made investments without knowing much about the products (counter-intuitive, huh?).
Unlike the stock pitch many investment banks do, he only focused on several key factors, such as earnings, capital intensity, and price to earning multiples.
Then he made his investment decision. He invested in many companies without even physically seeing the facilities or products. He still does not know much about the furniture business but he did a sound investment in Nebraska Furniture Company.
Making decisions based on sufficient reasons is enough.
On China stocks: Cinderella analogy: when you know there is bubble out there, price exceeds value too much, he would not invest. He said it’s like Cinderella at the ball: it’s so tempting to stay longer and longer. Unfortunately, there is no clock on the wall.
When midnight comes, all things will turn into pumpkins and mice. It gets really ugly.
Mr. Market: “Mr. market is there to serve you, not to direct you”.
You should always ask yourself, “if I buy this stock, but I can’t trade it for two years, will I still buy it?”
Blind Spots:
Even great investors will have blind spots. He mentioned that when internet just came out, Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer invited him and his partner Charlie to go to Seattle. They tried to figure out how to “monetize” the internet.
Those smartest people spent three hours together, and none of the search, auction or online retailing came across their minds.
GEICO/State farm: He mentioned that a book from Amazon shows that the founder of Statefarm identified some inefficiency in the insurance market and totally rewrote the insurance industry. Later on, the founder of GEICO found out ways to even further reduce the costs, thus providing cheaper services by restructuring the distribution system.
He said repeatedly that there is a chance to get big in China and Japan by doing the distribution system right.
GEICO is good because it has over 8m policy holders, and increasing very fast. The customer acquisition cost is very low, and the internet further lowered the costs.
Circle of expertise: good enough and comfortable enough: know your limits If he can get 20% return at the risk level of 10 (out of 100), he would not get 40% return if the risk is more than 20 (out of 100).
Giving out $30bn dollars:
Check out Charlie Rose’s interview with Mr. Buffett after he donated his money to Gates foundation:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkyEfqjbp8U
The Lunch:
Talk with staff at Piccolo’s. they all love him as a nice person. This is so amazing.
No matter he is rich or not, he is a nice human. When I asked about Bill Gates, the waiter told me Gates was not as friendly and approachable as Mr. Buffett. Gates has security wherever he goes to, and is not as friendly as Mr. Buffett. As a matter of fact, Gates only did one great project: creating company and then he could coast on it forever. However, Mr. Buffett invested in many companies single handedly for over 40 years old. Microsoft Corporation is an empire built by tens of thousands of engineers.
How Buffett jokes: Saving good things for the future is like “saving sex for old age”.
He made jokes on “Be careful when you cross the street. The cars might be insured with GEICO”. He also said “take your time on this one” when he was taking pictures with ladies.
Others: See’s candy is a great business because of its strong brand equity, high pricing power and low capital intensity. So is Coca Cola that makes the syrup, not the bottling company.
A 77 year old man with tens of billions of asset, 200bn dollars to invest is doubt busy. He could spend his time with us from 10am to 2:30pm was surprising.
He still drives a 1982 Lincoln Continental, and he does not have a driver or body guard. He lives in a humble house. The only difference is that he travels with a private jet, to save time. his house is only worth $700,000 (Gates' is oever 100 million), and his pay check in 2006 was $100, 000, 1/3 lower than stanford MBA grads' starting salary.
Legacy. September 20 BitTorrent 实习BitTorrent实习
虽然我不是追星族,但是今天还是忍不住和BitTorrent的创始人之一,Bram Cohen一起合影了。
这个软件工程师,一直钻研如何在internet上面传大的文件,BT就是他发明的。互联网60%以上的流量都是BT在下载电影、软件之类造成的。
来美国的生活,不在美国工作过是不完美的。来硅谷不来高科技公司就更不完美。BitTorrent is such as cool company.
I will share my experience later, but let me share my pictures with Bram Cohen first! August 27 高盛日记高盛实习感触:
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金融是所有世间万物食物链的最上游。
无论是咨询公司、市场营销、成本控制,都只不过是让最后报表上面的几个数字更加好看的工兵。这就不难理解一个工作三年的VP可能赚的钱可能比很多咨询公司和广告公司的合伙人赚的还多。
金融市场就好比海洋中的食物链,每个热点都会有一群从小鱼到大鱼的饕餮。在香港回归和港股狂飙这次猎食的过程,我有幸作为一只兼职的小鱼在高盛度过了10周,并目睹了恒生穿破23000点和Dow冲破14000的一幕,也经历了次级信贷让恒生一天跌落1200点的历史性时刻。我在Investment Management Division下面的Private Wealth Management (PWM)。PWM is pretty much a Sales and Trading department, and the difference is that Sales & Trading serves institutions and we serve high net worth individual clients。我纯粹是一个accidental banker,因为之前从来对数字和金融没有特别感兴趣过,但是还是有幸学到了很多东西,除了technical之外,分享一些学习体会和大家:
没有任何一个行业比金融对信息变化更加敏感。从CPI, Interest rate到公司的最新财报,以及实时的股价变化,每天要面对无穷尽的信息,吸收,并宣传有用的信息来快速做出决策,无疑是挑战性很大的。
Bloomberg和Reuters真的是伟大的发明,敲几下键盘,所有实时和历史的财务数据、新闻都在屏幕上。从沈阳回香港的飞机上,自己拿了两份报纸,很快通读一遍,然后发现周围的人还在细细品味。突然发现,不知不觉,自己处理信息的能力和速度已经提高了很多。
我的一个Mentor给我说, “hard working is given at Goldman Sachs”。但是根据 我的观察和我与人的交流,我发现这个真的是千差万别。如果说成功有什么秘方的话,我真的是发现和hard work的co-relation最大。我的一个老板,每天8点钟准时到公司,和我一起听research call,然后做计划。 他带领的3人团队管理15亿美金的资金,可以和一个对冲基金的规模向匹敌。另外两个top performers,A & R也是格外的努力,每天下班以后还在家里看美国股市的盘。
人平庸与否智力是很关键的,other factors given equal,我真的见识到了为什么成功的人会成功。
无独有偶,我到上海拜访一个做互联网的前辈,公司卖了3亿美金的龙哥。在这个周末的下午,他的合伙人江南春还在给他打电话,要一起看一个公司的材料。他给我讲,周日这一天,陈天桥和江南春都在工作。他给我讲,江南春每年亲自要见1,000多个客户。我的另外一个做投行的朋友也给我讲,在分众上市的前一天,江南春一个人静静地坐在酒店里面,发了400条短信给销售,问销售的业绩。几十亿身价的富豪,每年还亲自见1,000多个客户;七八十岁的李嘉诚,每天还在长江中心的顶层坚持工作。
我之前在创业的时候,曾经认为自己已经非常勤奋了,现在对“勤奋”两个字我有了新的认识,我对自己的极限也有了新的认识。中国的老板太多人喜欢“垂袖而治”。李嘉诚这些人现在还每天坚持上班。这也就是差距所在。
斯坦福的很多同学认为,这两年的MBA就应该懒一点,享受生活,我一直不同意,现在找到了很大理论和事实支持。True relaxation does not come from doing nothing, but from the confidence and inner satisfaction and inner peace within one’s mind. 工作是充实的,我确实闲不下来。
如果你认为高盛还是亚洲上市的冠军,你就大错了。In investment banking & PWM,高盛现在都不是最大的,原因就是战略和商业模式。这里太敏感,不多说了。但是战略和商业模式真的是太重要了。“上兵伐谋”,有道理。
He gave us three “open-meetings” to grill us about the market knowledge.
The difficult part about “being market savvy” is that I have to memorize an ever changing financial market’s data and news. Unlike history or other industries, all the data, indexes and news are changing everyday in Finance, and the same number will be outdated the same time tomorrow.
This is somehow like chasing your own shadow: it moves when you move. However, looking at Danny’s tough request on “market savvy” reminds me of how little Chinese entrepreneurs know about their own company, whose information is either static or does not change much.
Even if you just try to impress people, the fact that you can remember all the key information just out of your head is very impressive and helpful. That gives clients and colleagues lots of trust and confidence.
Now I request my partners and employees to be savvy about all the information related to our business, and they have to be able to talk more professionally than any competitors.
What can I say? The best performers are those who are always hungry and are never satisfied.
我问一个VP,让她告诉我,从她的observation当中看,成功的VP和不成功的VP通常有什么区别?What did the successful VPs do right and the not-so-successful ones do differently?
其中一个就是专业程度(professionalism)。从开会不迟到这一个最基本的事情,到每天都要把unanswered phone calls & unreturned emails回复一遍,这些最基本的小事区分了成功和不成功的人。即便是已经很晚,你很忙,至少也要回复电话告诉人家说你今天很忙,可以明天通话。是呀,一个连电话都不能接,不能回的人有什么呢?国内很多人有种非常不好的作风,不接听电话也不喜欢回复电话,自己感觉很牛逼。这种人不要合伙,一定不成气候,因为你需要他的时候总找不到他。我深有体会。
去参加摩根斯坦利的dinner,他们给我讲,投行里面分析师最能让人生气的就是电话找不到人,或者请假的时候不给别人余地(先做决定然后请假)。
China Team最成功的一个VP之一是一个外国人,讲得一口流利的中文。看到他每天cold call和发prospect letter, 我重新又 认识了什么叫做pitch skills和tenacity。见了一个外国人写的prospect letter,那个用词的当,有理有节,我是真的佩服佩服。
一个老板让我去看1982年版的电影《华尔街》。我虽然没有来的及看,但是其中他让我了解的片段就是一个banker,为了认识一个客户,每年生日的时候给客户送他喜欢的礼物和卡片,并打电话。坚持了12年,最后终于有机会和客户见面,并一起做了一个deal。
某种程度上讲,做banking的辛苦程度不比创业容易,即使是高盛和大摩也经常抢不到deal。品牌有帮助,但是最后起决定作用的还是人本身。
高盛也有自身的很多问题,很多人和制度也有很大差距,这个不分享了。
“思路决定出路,布局决定结局,吨位决定地位”。很很多投行一样,高盛最赚钱的根本不是IBD,虽然IBD给然的光环最大。Trading给公司的收入超过总收入的60%。
Sales & trading和投资都是高盛更加赚钱的部门,他们的pay其实也比IBD要好很多了。除了trading,SS&G和PIA都是不错的部门。IBD可能光环最大也按比例来讲最难进,但却不是pay off最好的部门。
Leave for the meeting and don’t wait for the person who is late。有机会和一个合伙人一起吃早饭,他impress我的一个故事是,如果约好了一起去开会或者见客户,比如约好9点钟在门口见面,他学到的lesson是,等到9:02有一个人还不来,坚决不要再等。不要顾及面子,clients’ interests always come first。
投行里面不乏很多high achiever和go getter,但是money driven的人通常burned out也比较快。Jason是最成功的一个副总裁之一,也是我学到最多东西的一个VP。赚钱不是人生的全部,他给我讲了他的很多的故事,每一个我都很感动。从家庭到宗教信仰,到他的每一个career move,从年少轻狂到现在的沉稳,我看到了很多很多我可以学习的地方。
他最后和我分享的一个故事:每个人有很多个“面”,也有很多个 “life”。一个全面发展的人才能成功,也才可以long term succeed。那么这么多life中,人首先要有professional life:职业无疑是一个重要的life,他让我们不要把梦想埋葬在对金钱的追逐之中,而是要做自己真正喜欢的事情。另外一个life就是family life,无论是父母和爱人,自己都有很多责任和义务要履行,in return,我们也从家庭中得到很多。通常,我们能从家庭得到的永远比我们付出的要多。人还要有自己的 “hobby”, “sports life”等等。
人的身体在一天天老去衰老不可逆转,唯一的收获应该精神上的更加富足。而又有多少人可以真正精神上越来越富足呢?为了理想,或者说为了贪婪,我们又牺牲了多少呢?
If you don’t believe in the products/services you are selling, your clients won’t buy in it either. They need confirmation and assurance from you. Selling with confidence, conviction is important.
在实习的最后,Associate需要写一个商业计划书,一个新加坡的VP告诉我,客户“选择高盛的理由”这一页我列的4点不对,“至少应该把你作为一种一个理由”。这个给我很大震撼。公司无论多伟大,我们每一个人出去都好比是一个代表,一个窗户来代表公司,在客户选择公司的时候,其实很大程度上也是基于对我们的信任。虽然公司品牌重要,个人也是公司品牌的一个部分,而优秀的个人又会不断强化公司的品牌。
Be professional to every one around you. This is the lesson I learned from my mentor.
At the end of the program, I realize one thing more than ever. Banking is not a rocket science industry and 10 million other people could easily do it as well. It is really a “monkey business”.
一个池塘里面有三只鱼,打败了其他的鱼,独占鱼塘,很快忘乎所以。身体膨胀,长出虎皮花纹,头上也长出“王”的字样,身上纹路也有了变化。这些鱼变得更加凶猛和贪婪,身体继续膨胀。
科学家有一次发现他们的奇特,把他们捞出来放在浴缸里面,他们很快又变回了原型。但是,原来的领地又给新的三只鱼占领,奇怪的是,这三只鱼也长出虎皮花纹,身体膨胀。
科学家把这新的三只鱼拿走,结果发现也变回原型,但是池塘里又有了新的鱼,重复着一样的故事… May 12 GSB show有感The GSB show
今天下午上网看youtube上面很多王菲的video clips。
突然很多感慨。
我这辈子so far做错过很多事情,吃过很多亏,但都没有什么特别后悔的。其实我这一辈子好像糗事蛮多的,但是丢人的事情丢人就丢人了,脸皮厚了,也无所谓。后悔的事情是大学二年级还是三年级的时候,有个王菲演唱会,当时没有舍得花钱去看。第一当时太穷了,第二好像在准备什么GRE之类的东西。当时我的一个朋友就说,许轶你不去肯定后悔,事实证明我确实后悔。
现在可以买DVD,看新的演唱会,但是无法补偿当年的那个窘迫少年的渴望。我经常还记得自己在食堂打饭的时候,总舍不得去吃那些贵的菜的时候。这个也许就是 “time value of the concert”吧。于是我又再想,未来我会后悔哪些现在有机会做但是没有做的事情呢?Let me see…都是普通人吗,我还是追星,虽然不追周杰伦,但是王菲还是喜欢的。
晚上去看GSB show
The GSB Show was the best show I have even seen (maybe I have not seen many shows). It was fun to see your classmates perform and rock.
我感觉我的同学们真的是很多多才多艺呀。舞蹈、小品、电视短剧都很不错。整个演出两个小时,几乎每一个节目都有热烈的掌声,闭幕之后大家集体起立鼓掌。
很多人真的是投入几十个小时在里面,牺牲了很多课程,甚至期中考试的成绩。我也在想,这些人的付出是为了什么呢?有一次听一个同学讲,10年以后,我希望别人记住我的什么东西呢?我的表演,还是我cost accounting一次精彩的发言呢? 投入给GSB这个群体,无论你付出多少,得到永远比付出的更多,这个一个校友的话。
也许付出本身也不是要有什么功利的目的,就是做自己想做的事情。今天演出结尾的时候,看到很多07、08届同学的照片,都是黑白照片,感受到导演的用心良苦。这每时每刻,就是历史。学校就是一个平台,永远留下深刻印象的,是平台上的人互动。
我也想,也许这剩下的一年多一点毕业前的时间,可能是最后的享受生活的机会了。毕业就重新回到江湖里面打拼了。但是我还是不会选择去lay back的生活。享受是重要的,有些事情不做是一辈子后悔,但这些让人后悔的不完全是享受,很多是珍惜时间和对机会的把握。我觉得自己人生没有太多的弯路,我宁愿自己后悔将来玩的时间太少了,也不愿意后悔学习的时间太少了。
想想Stanford GSB申请时候的有名的题目:What matters most to you? 这个问题我曾经觉得自己回答的很好,现在想想,这是一个需要用一生来回答的命题。交给学校的,可以说服学校,但是不见得可以说服自己。
来美国读了两个学位,今天看了表演,总结一下自己对中国和美国文化的比较:
不想厚此薄彼,中国人有很多优点,美国人也有很多缺点。
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